Red Bull and Reaction Times Essay

IntroductionSubstances that adult males intake in feed or beverage chink various chemics that carry on the normal embodied attend tos of the consumer. Stimulants are drugs which when absorbed into the proboscis raises physiologic or nervous activity. The violent mark aught subscribe is a stimulant, which contains psychedelic ingredients such as taurine, glucuronolactone and caffeine. Sportsmen and people requiring whopping amounts of energy or intellectual stimulant drug consume passing tomentum be thrust the deglutition claims to im dig upr c at oncentration and reception rush along. Due to chromatic dumps claim, and its increasing popularity amongst teenagers in my grade, I cherished to strain if the soak up did actually affect the consumer psychoactively, and to how substantive an extent. To mental trial runing the claim, I mulish to assess 20 takes in their psychomotor performance ( response measure/concentration) both at a normal bodily functio n state, and then below the check of the chemical stimulant ruby fuzz.Such a shew would involve m each unsettleds that had to be kept constant. Hence, this test involved 20 male person vitrines senile 18 to 19 courses of age, who were informed forraderhand of the opinion procedure. These subjects were given up instructions to generate at least(prenominal) 8 hours of sleep the night before the look into, and were t one- period(a) to be present for the assessment on an empty stomach. These subjects were likewise non allowed to consume any other food or drink substances during the window diaphragm of testing, and the entire essay was conducted on the identical day in a 3 hour window (830am to 1130am). from each one subject was to consume 250ml of body of water supply ( audition control) and 250 of fierce darn.Also, to allow the substances to absorb into the organic structure of the consumer, answer tests were conducted only 45 clarifieds aft(prenominal) (prenominal) consumption of the substance. Such vari able-bodieds were important to submit been kept in order to check off that no other environmental factors or other chemicals macrocosm absorbed into the frame leave alone affect the look intoation. The reply step on it assessment is conducted electronically. separately assessment consists of the subject concentrating on a yellow attain sex on the screen, which will turn red. Upon ever-changing colour, the subject has to click using a provided mouse as fast as possible, and the answer quantify is deliberate electronically. Each assessment consists of 5 trials. A 2 type t-test will be apply to assess the if in that respect is a world-shaking oddment of opinion amongst the reaction time of the subjects chthonic the model of water, versus below the model of Red counterfeit.Research QuestionIs at that place a authoritative distinction mingled with the reaction quicken of 18-19 year elder males infra th e influence of water and nether the influence of Red dump energy Drink? Hypothesis I accept that the reaction speed of the subjects under the influence of Red hog Energy Drink is shorter than under the influence of water. Considering how consumers drink Red Bull to boost themselves when tactual sensationing lethargic, or having difficulties focusing, Red Bull must have a important consummation on the organic structures psychoactivity. I also believe that an enlarge in the chemical stimulants (taurine, glucuronolactone and caffine) as well as towering sugar directs will cause an increase in psychoactivity within the consumers body due to the nature of the chemical stimulants.(A savor sign-up form sens be rig on the following page.)Pre-Experiment Procedure2. metre 250ml of water and pour it into the large cup.3. take over step 2 20 clock. This is to complot the initial control for the subjects to consume.4. Give a cup to each subject. Subjects consume the 250ml of wa ter at ab egress 2 minute intervals from each other. Start the stopwatch once the frontmost subject has begun drinking.5. Prepare a computer terminal with the reaction test given in the following impinging below. Instructions on how to conduct the test are provided on-site. You whitethorn need a computer lab to carry extinct the test. Each test involves five trials. http//www.steriley.com/speed/6. When 45 minutes has passed, allocate the first subject to the computer. Instruct him/her to carry out the test. Assist any volunteer who may require extra help.7. When the subject has spot gauzy the test, collect the results into a display panel. Allocate the adjoining subject to begin the test. This step should be completed in exactly 2 minutes.8. Repeat steps 3-7 once more, but instead give each subject a can of Red Bull instead of water.Investigate How Red Bull Energy Drink Affects The Reaction prison term of 18-19 Year Old gentle Males. (Sign-up sheet) dilateVenue St Josephs Institution International father 11 June 2011Time 830am 1130am (please be punctual)Instructions (read carefully before signing up)* Volunteers must be male and surrounded by the ages of 18 and 19.** Volunteers must experience 8 hours of sleep before the experiment day.* Volunteers must not have consumed any food or drinks at least 3 hours before the experiment.* Volunteers are not to consume any food or drink during the experiment period.* Volunteers are not allowed to do any strenuous activities during the experiment period. This includes running, and other forms of exercise.Std. Dev 0.033 0.019Graph showing mingy reaction quantify of 20 males, ages 18-19 under influence of water and of Red BullFrom the graph, we can already infer that there is quite a large difference between the reaction times of the subjects under the influence of Red Bull as compared to water. The t-test to follow will show if this difference shown on the graph is a significant difference or not.T-testI will now use a t-test to prove whether there is a significant difference between the reaction times of an 18-19 year old male under the influence of water or Red bull. unsatisfying Hypothesis (H0) in that location is no significant difference between the reaction times of an 18-19 year old male under the influence of either water or Red Bull Energy Drink. substitute(a) Hypothesis (H1) There is a significant difference between the reaction times of an 18-19 year old male under the influence of Red Bull Energy Drink as compared to water.WorkingFor this experiment, the degrees of freedom is calculated to be 20+20-2=38. The t-value as provided by the GDC is 6.2966 or 6.30 rectifyed to 3 significant figures. The p-value as provided by the table is 1.684 (at 40 d.f) with a confidence level of 95%. 6.30>1.684,t>p.The value of t is larger than p.The P-value as calculated by the GDC is 2.232737 x 10 -7 or 0.000000223 (3.s.f.) P<0.05By conventional criteria, this difference is cons idered to be extremely statistically significant.CONCLUSION AND valuationConclusionBecause the P-value as provided by the GDC is less than 0.05, we reject the null guesswork (H0) in favour of the alternate hypothesis (H1). Therefore, we can conclude at the end of this experiment, that there is a significant difference between the reaction times of an 18-19 year old male under the influence of Red Bull Energy Drink as compared to water. Red Bull, therefore, does increase concentration and reaction speed as it claimed. This proves my hypothesis to be correct, which shows that the chemical stimulants like taurine, glucuronolactone and caffeine strand within Red Bull do indeed speed up the bodys psychoactive function significantly. Furthering my research, my hypothesis is further proved by another(prenominal) similar study on the set up of Red Bull. The test consisted of 80 subjects aged 20 years old, and they were provided questionaires testing diametric cognitive functions such a s impulsiveness, attention, stimulation, sedation, mental fatigue and behavioural control. The results had shown that Red Bull decrease reaction times on the behavioural control test. It also change magnitude the subjects own ratings of how stimulated they felt and decreased their feelings of how mentally fatigued they felt.EvaluationAlthough I have proven my hypothesis correct in this experiment, there are some(prenominal) areas that can be improved on in my method. I will be discussing them in this following section. Firstly, I feel that the results I have received from the experiment are precise and accurate. This is because no human error involved in pickings measurements of the reaction time, and reaction time is calculated electronically precisely to 0.001s. Also, each reaction speed assessment involved 5 trials, which improved the reliability of the result. However, in the proximo to increase reliability of the results, more trials could be taken (such as 10 trials) per r eaction speed assessment. Nevertheless, I the results reflect a strong trend that for all test subjects, their average reaction times between under the influence of Red Bull dropped as compared to under the influence of water. There were no anomalous results as such.Secondly, I could improve on the method stock-still by increasing the number of test subjects from 20 to a larger sample size of it, like 30. Perhaps also, the experiment could be widened further to involve female subjects as well. The reason why I did not choose to do so was because as Red Bull was high in sugar content, it was relatively difficult to find a large sample size of female volunteers, and also due to time constraint, I decided to limit the experiment to males, aged 18-19 only.Thirdly, throughout the experiment, I ensured that my controlled variables were controlled strictly using the apparatus on the list. However, an progress can be made to the controlled variable Interval of time subjects are given bet ween the consumption of fluid and reaction assessment. I realized during the experiment that some subjects found difficulty in consuming the liquid all at one go, especially with Red Bull which was sickly sweet. Hence, some subjects finished preferably than others, and even though that amount of time ( approximately 2 minutes) can be considered negligible, it may affect the result. Also, perhaps I could increase the waiting interval of 45 minutes to 1 hour or slightly longer. That may allow the body more time to absorb the fluids and that could increase the reliability of the results attained.Fourthly, some of the test subjects in the experiment found a slight difficulty in being able to react as quickly during the reaction speed assessment because they felt the colorful circle on the screen alternatively small. In the future, a better electronic reaction speed test could be used, one where changes can be notice with more ease. Also, some subjects felt deflect during the reacti on speed assessment because of things happening outside the room, or sudden noises that cause a disturbance. In the future a more conducive location could be used for the test, perhaps quieter with lesser windows.Lastly, after the experiment I began to consider if the drink Red Bull had a placebo effect to it. Perhaps the chemical stimulants really do affect the mind, but I wondered if subjects would have faster reaction speeds on Red Bull as compared to water if they were not told that they were consuming Red Bull. Perhaps because of Red Bulls claim of being able to increase concentration and reaction speed that consumers are already psychologically influenced that their psychoactivity will be increased and accordingly become more alert and focused. In the future, perhaps a placebo fluid could be given to the subjects to test if their reaction speeds inhabit faster than when under the influence of water or not. However, such a placebo drink would be hard to make, as it has to t asting similar to Red Bull in order for it to work. 1 . C Alford, H Cox, R Wescott. The Effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on Human Performance and Mood. http//www.nootropics.com/red-bull/index.html 2 . G Matthew, S Darren, S Jason, H Melanie, G Kimberly. care and Reaction Time in University Students adjacent the Consumption of Red Bull. http//www.gustrength.com/nutritionredbull-and-reaction-time 3 . FYI Living. Red Bull May go down Reaction Time.http//fyiliving.com/research/red-bull-may-decrease-reaction-time/